造成柴油(you)机(ji)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)的(de)原(yuan)因是多(duo)种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)多(duo)样的(de),一(yi)种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)因会(hui)使柴油(you)机(ji)表(biao)现(xian)出多(duo)种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)异常(chang)(chang)现(xian)象,一(yi)种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)现(xian)象也(ye)可能(neng)是多(duo)种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)原(yuan)因综合引起(qi)的(de)。对(dui)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)的(de)检查和判断通常(chang)(chang)采用看、听、摸、嗅等方法,由简单到复杂,由表(biao)及里地(di)进行。在排除故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)时,应(ying)根据故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)特征,判断故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)性(xing)质,对(dui)各种(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)现(xian)象进行综合分析,找(zhao)出它们之(zhi)间(jian)的(de)相互关系,对(dui)不能(neng)立即查明原(yuan)因的(de)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang),在确定(ding)不会(hui)发生重大(da)事故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)的(de)前提下,可以(yi)将柴油(you)机(ji)低速运转进行观察(cha)分析,找(zhao)出原(yuan)因。下面我们来介绍一(yi)些比较(jiao)典型的(de)故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang),以(yi)及产(chan)生这些故(gu)(gu)(gu)(gu)障(zhang)的(de)常(chang)(chang)见原(yuan)因和排除的(de)方法。
故障(zhang)之一:柴(chai)油(you)机(ji)不能启(qi)动或启(qi)动困难
1、蓄(xu)电(dian)池(chi)电(dian)量不足或(huo)接(jie)头(tou)松动,造(zao)成起动机(ji)无力,带动柴油机(ji)运转速度太(tai)低而不能起动,将蓄(xu)电(dian)池(chi)充电(dian)或(huo)紧固(gu)接(jie)头(tou)。
2、环(huan)境温度过(guo)低,机油(you)粘度过(guo)浓,造成(cheng)阻力增(zeng)大,转(zhuan)速降低,水和柴(chai)油(you)临近冰(bing)点,致(zhi)使(shi)柴(chai)油(you)机难以(yi)着(zhe)火起动,可以(yi)采取预热加(jia)温水和机油(you)起动柴(chai)油(you)机;检查(cha)所使(shi)用(yong)的柴(chai)油(you)牌号(hao)是否符合(he)要求。
3、输油泵进油滤(lv)杯内滤(lv)网是否堵塞,输油泵进油阀(fa)是否有脏(zang)物卡牢,阀(fa)面是否平整,检查油箱(xiang)出油管是否堵塞,如(ru)发现(xian)(xian)以(yi)上现(xian)(xian)象,给予排除。
4、燃油(you)(you)系统内是否(fou)进空气(qi),松开喷(pen)油(you)(you)泵(beng)回油(you)(you)管螺栓(shuan),按动手油(you)(you)泵(beng),排除(chu)油(you)(you)路和油(you)(you)泵(beng)体(ti)内的(de)空气(qi),当溢出的(de)柴油(you)(you)中无(wu)气(qi)泡冒出时,说明空气(qi)已完全排除(chu)。
5、喷油(you)(you)(you)泵回油(you)(you)(you)溢(yi)油(you)(you)(you)阀(fa)压力(li)是否(fou)过(guo)(guo)低,规定值为1.0-1.2100kpa,过(guo)(guo)低使输(shu)油(you)(you)(you)泵泵上来的柴油(you)(you)(you)通过(guo)(guo)此阀(fa)流回油(you)(you)(you)箱(xiang),造(zao)成低压油(you)(you)(you)腔因压力(li)过(guo)(guo)低存不住油(you)(you)(you)。
6、柴油滤清器堵塞,清洗或更换滤芯。
7、初始供(gong)油提前(qian)(qian)角是否(fou)正(zheng)确。根据柴(chai)油机(ji)工作(zuo)状况提前(qian)(qian)或延迟供(gong)油时间,盘(pan)(pan)动(dong)飞(fei)轮至零度,这是你可以看(kan)到第(di)(di)六缸处于排气门(men)上升,进(jin)气门(men)下降(jiang)的(de)交接(jie)状态(tai),这说明第(di)(di)一(yi)缸处于做功(gong)始点。从飞(fei)轮端(duan)看(kan):顺时针(zhen)盘(pan)(pan)动(dong)飞(fei)轮至所(suo)需的(de)初始供(gong)油提前(qian)(qian)角(11度),操作(zuo)时应盘(pan)(pan)动(dong)飞(fei)轮超过(guo)刻线(xian)后往回盘(pan)(pan)至对(dui)应刻线(xian)上。检查(cha)提前(qian)(qian)器上的(de)刻线(xian)与喷油泵标